Rafiki Multi-Instance Accounting Architecture & Flows

Multi-Instance Double-Entry Architecture

System Topology

Rafiki accounts are strictly internal liquidity and bilateral settlement trackers. End-user fiat balances are held exclusively in each entity's external Customer Core Ledger.

Deposits (Inflow to Liquidity)

Withdrawals (Outflow to Core)

ILP Interledger Packet Routing

Settlement Offset (≤ 0 balance)

Account Servicing Entity A

Sender Institution (Bank / Wallet A)

Instance A

Customer Core Ledger (External Bank)

Real Fiat Vault

Stores sender checking/savings balances. Rafiki has no direct access.

Sender User Balance: $1,000.00 USD

Rafiki Accounting Instance A (TigerBeetle)

Internal Only

Liquidity Accounts (Balance ≥ 0) Debits ≤ Credits

Asset Liquidity (USD)

$500.00

1 per supported asset (FX route)

Deposit Withdraw

Peer Liquidity (Peer B Credit Line)

$100.00

Credit line extended to Peer B

Deposit Withdraw

Payment Liquidity Accounts Open Payments & SPSP

Outgoing Payment Liquidity $0.00

Pre-funded before sending packets

Deposit Refund W/D

Incoming Payment Liquidity $0.00

Created on incoming Open Payment (single-use) Withdraw

Wallet Address Liquidity (SPSP) $0.00

1 per wallet address (persistent/reused) Withdraw

Settlement Account (Balance ≤ 0) Credits ≤ Debits

USD Settlement Account

-$600.00

Balances net fiat injected into Rafiki A Double-Entry Offset

Interledger Protocol

Bilateral ILP Peering between Instance A & Instance B

Packets ≠ Fiat

Bilateral Credit Line

Off-Ledger Settlement

Account Servicing Entity B

Recipient Institution (Cloud Nine / Bank B)

Instance B

Customer Core Ledger (External Bank)

Real Fiat Vault

Stores recipient balance. Credited when Rafiki completes incoming transfer.

Recipient User Balance: $250.00 USD

Rafiki Accounting Instance B (TigerBeetle)

Internal Only

Liquidity Accounts (Balance ≥ 0) Debits ≤ Credits

Asset Liquidity (USD)

$400.00

1 per supported asset

Deposit Withdraw

Peer Liquidity (Peer A Credit Line)

$100.00

Credit line extended to Peer A

Deposit Withdraw

Payment Liquidity Accounts Open Payments & SPSP

Incoming Payment Liquidity $0.00

1 per incoming payment (receives packet value) Withdraw

Outgoing Payment Liquidity $0.00

Pre-funded before sending packets

Deposit Refund W/D

Wallet Address Liquidity (SPSP) $0.00

Reused per wallet address for SPSP Withdraw

Settlement Account (Balance ≤ 0) Credits ≤ Debits

USD Settlement Account

-$500.00

Balances net fiat injected into Rafiki B Double-Entry Offset

Account Deep Dive

Select any node

Rafiki Accounting Operations Invariants

rafiki.dev/accounting

Account Type	Allowed Deposit	Allowed Withdraw	Balance Constraint	Core Purpose
Asset Liquidity	YES	YES	≥ 0 (Debits ≤ Credits)	FX conversion liquidity per asset
Peer Liquidity	YES	YES	≥ 0 (Debits ≤ Credits)	Bilateral credit line extended to peering partner
Outgoing Payment Liquidity	YES (Pre-fund)	YES (Refunds)	≥ 0 (1 per outgoing payment)	Holds reserved value before dispatching packets
Incoming Payment Liquidity	—	YES (Sweep)	≥ 0 (1 per incoming payment)	Holds received packets until swept to core account
Wallet Address Liquidity	—	YES (Sweep)	≥ 0 (1 per wallet address)	SPSP payments repository; reused across payments
Settlement Account	AUTOMATIC COUNTERBALANCE		≤ 0 (Credits ≤ Debits)	Guarantees ΣDebits = ΣCredits double entry